POLITICS CAN WAIT
DIFFICULT WORDS
1. officially declared = secara resmi dinyatakan
2. rescuer = penolong
3. slipped = tergelincir
4. risking = membahayakan, mempertaruhkan
5. pot-holer = orang yang pekerjaannya memasuki lu¬bang karang
6. rocky twists = lekukan-lekukan karang
7. mud = lumpur
8. weeping = terisak-isak
9. heartbeats = detak jantung
10. amplified = diperkeras (suaranya)
11. grief = rasa sedih
TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Why can politics wait?
2. What does it wait for?
3. Where did the story happen?
PASSAGE
(1) Sunday, 14 June 1981, Alfredo Rampi, six, was officially declared dead. He fell into a long narrow hole at the village of Vermicino, 40 kilometres from Rome last Wednesday. He fell 36 metres down the hole. Unfortunately, when rescuers came near him, Friday, he slipped further, 30 metres.
(2) The Fire Brigade chief was in charge of the rescue operation. He said, "It is useless to go on risking lives." A pot-holer had tried to save Alfredo but failed. Saturday afternoon he tried to pass through one of the rocky twists of the hole, but he could not. It was only a little more than 30 centimetres wide. One of the pot-holers described Alfredo as being covered with mud. The boy was powerless to move in such a small place. At 2 a.m. Saturday Alfredo was heard weeping and calling weakly, "Mamma, mamma. I am so cold."
(3) Before he was declared dead, tests of his heartbeats were made. An amplified stethoscope was lowered down, but failed to register a sound. A camera was also lowered down the hole. It showed that Alfredo was almost totally covered with mud. His head rested on his arm.
(4) This accident attracted millions of people's attention all over the world. Three Italian televisions showed the rescue efforts. The Italian President, Sandro Pertini, himself spent the night by the well-head. He said, “Politics can wait.” Pope John Paul watched television. He sent his hope prayer for the success of the rescue. When he found out it had failed, he sent his full grief.
bronze 1
LONELY GIRL
DIFFICULT WORDS
1. attracted = menarik perhatian
2. vast = sangat luas
3. reluctantly = dengan enggan
4. enhanced = menambah
5. princess = puteri raja
6. struck = berdentang
7. sighed = menghela napas
8. booming = berdentak
9. imprisoned = terkurung dalam penjara
TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Is the story about a school girl?
2. Was she broken-hearted?
PASSAGE
(1) The latest models of tape-recorder, record players and colour television set were all in her living-room. On the shelves there were hundreds of cassettes, records and video cassettes. None, however, attracted her. Loneliness was like being imprisoned in tons of stone. This made it hard for her to breathe. It also left her in a vast ice ground; frightening and cold.
(2) Reluctantly Ester walked to one of the shelves. She took a disco cassette and played it. Ester turned the volume louder and louder, to t he highest volume. Then, she stood in front of a large gold trained mirror.
(3) She saw herself in the mirror. Ester was just over seventeen. Her white long dress enhanced her beauty. She was a hit thinner now. But, her lips, nose, eyes and hair were still perfect. They were similar to those of a princess.
(4) The clock struck twelve. She looked at it. She sighed and a tear rolled down her cheek.
(5) Slowly Ester went to the garage to get her newly-bought Mercedes Benz. She herself did not know where to go. The only thing she wanted to do was drive and drive. Along the way she always hit her lower lip in the darkness of the night. She left the disco music booming in t he living-room life it on to welcome her ever busy parents when they got home.
bronze 2
ONE INVENTION MEANS A LOT
DIFFICULT WORDS
1. invention = penemuan
2. hose = pipa
3. graduate student = mahasiswa program sarjana
4. slippery = licin
5. enables = memungkinkan
6. beads = manik-manik
7. necklace = kalung
8. slide = tergelincir
9. coated = dilapisi
10. source = sumber
TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. 'One Invention Means a Lot', why does the writer say so?
2. How does he prove it?
PASSAGE
(1) Just imagine. One day you are pumping water from your well. The water is too slow to come out of your pump. Isn't it a very hard job? A fireman will probably have the same problem. There is fire. The water, however, does not run out of the hose fast enough. Won't he be frustrated?
(2) A new great invention has been made by Dr. Carl Gryte and graduate student Jay Chapman of Columbia University in New York. They found that polymers cause solid surfaces to become more slippery. It enables water to run 70 percent faster on those solid surfaces than usual. Next to that this water will also travel twice as far under the same pressure.
(3) Let us see what polymers look like. Take polyethylene oxide, for example. It is one such polymer. It looks like beads on a necklace. Each bead, one molecule. So, a polymer actually consists of these molecules.
(4) Hopefully, in the future the inside part of pipes will be coated with polymers. This will not only make water slide faster and further than usual. But more important, it will save energy. The easier the water runs out through the pipe, the less energy your pump needs to draw the water from its source.
(5) Doesn’t one invention mean a lot to us? It makes life easier and better.
What do you think?
bronze 3
SAVE CHEN CHEN, SAVE PANDAS
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. pregnant = hamil
2. fund = dana
3. natural reserve = cagar alam
4. conservation = perlindungan, pemeliharaan
5. existence = keberadaan
6. burst = turnbuh
7. endangered = terancam
8. reproduction rate = tingkat kelahiran
9. adapted = menyesuaikan diri
10. survive = bertahan hidup
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. What is the relationship between Chen Chen and Pandas?
2. Do they have anything to do with us?
3. Who will save them? How?
III. PASSAGE
(1) One day Chen Chen, a panda in a London zoo, was getting pregnant. Scientists paid great attention to her. Televisions broadcast this news.
(2) What is interesting about this mammal? Nowadays there are only more or less 1,000 pandas left. The Chinese government needs US $ 1 1,000,000 for the Panda Conservation Programme. They plan to build t he (instruction of a research and conservation centre in Wolong Natural Reserve in Sichuan Province. It is the largest panda reserve. The World Wildlife Fund has also decided to save this attracting species. They plan to rive US $ 1,000,000 out of the US $ 3,000,000.
(3) The pandas' existence is endangered. Pandas only eat the young shoots of the umbrella bamboos of central China. The supply of this kind of bamboo has been very difficult to maintain. These bamboo forests only burst into flowers once every eighty to a hundred years. After that the plants die off. They leave the pandas with little food. On the other hand, the animals need a great quantity of young bamboo shoots. Other serious problems are the panda's low reproduction rate and internal parasites.
(4) To save the pandas, scientists plan to monitor the pandas' living habit. Hopefully, they can learn how these animals have adapted themselves to the loss of bamboo. In other words, they want to learn how pandas survive in the wild.
bronze 4
AN EDUCATIONAL MACHINE
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. fun = kesenangan
2. inventor = penemu
3. cheer up = menggembirakan
4. snore = mendengkur
5. bored = bosan
6. congratulations = selamat
7. riddles = teka-teki
8. nevertheless = sekalipun begitu
9. replace = menggantikan
10. remain = masih ada
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. How does the machine work?
2. Can it really be as our teacher?
III. PASSAGE
(1) Do you wish to have an educational machine? It would really give you .1 lot of fun. The kind of machine would give you answers to any ques¬tion of yours and give you questions to answer.
(2) Suppose you want to know the inventor of the telephone, printing machine, or the highest mountain in the world and so forth. You can exercise yourself by answering his questions. You need time to think of the answer of course. Meanwhile 2 XL can cheer you up with his jokes and song. On the other hand, if you do not answer, 2 XL will snore. He gets bored waiting for you.
(3) All the questions in 2 XL are mostly programmed on cassette tapes. Those questions are usually in the form of objective tests. 2 XL will say, “congratulations and that's right" for your correct answers to his questions. If wrong, he will tell you the right answers and say, "Better luck next time." The 2 XL can also tell you jokes, riddles and sing songs. So, simple choose any of which you want to listen to. And, what do you have to do next? You just have to buy the cassettes.
(4) Nevertheless, one big question remains. Can the machine really replace ole of a teacher? Does education involve intellectual training only or another aspect such as moral training, too?
(5) The machine can be fun. That is all right. Even so, can it help us a lot in our learning problems? Particularly, when the problems are more psychological rather than intellectual.
bronze 5
TRUE LOVE
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. spirit = semangat
2. to be charged with = tuduh
3. liberation = pembebasan
4. bouquets = karangan bunga
5. donations = sumbangan
6. authorities = pejabat-pejabat
7. municipal clerk = pegawai kotapraja
8. newlyweds = pengantin baru
9. heart-touching = menyentuh hati
10. ceremony = upacara
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Isn't it just another story of 'true love'?
2. It not, what is new here?
III. PASSAGE
(1) Love can always grow at any place and any time. People say true love will never die. It has great power to overcome any difficulty. It blows man’s spirit to its highest and greatest state. Having love in your heart is nothing less than opening your heart to God Himself. One of love's finest from is love between a man and a woman.
(2) Just consider the following love story. Prof. Arif Bilgin and Aylin Uyanik were two prisoners. They were charged with being members of the leftist Turkish People's Liberation Party-Front. They loved each other so mach. This finally brought them to marriage. The wedding ceremony itself was held in the Mamak military prison, Ankara. All took place within the normal prison conditions, though. The wedding cake and bouquets were just donations of the prison authorities. The ceremony itself was led by a municipal clerk.
(3) You can imagine, Mr. Bilgin was a university professor. The wedding was too simple for his position. Don't you think so? Nevertheless, it seemed that their love was still above such limits. Right after the wedding, the newlyweds were left by themselves for just a ten minute honeymoon. Soon after this, they were taken to their cells again. It was really the most heart-touching view.
bronze 6
WHO IS SUPERIOR?
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. inferior (x superior) = lebih rendah ( x lebih unggul)
2. take it for granted = menerima begitu saja
3. in line with nature = sesuai dengan kodratnya
4. authority = kekuasaan
5. civilization = peradaban
6. tasks = tugas-tugas
7. supposed = seyogyanya
8. patrilineal (patriarchal) = bapak sebagai kepala keluarga/suku
9. firmer = lebih kuat, lebih kokoh
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. What is compared in the story?
2. What does the writer really want to stress here?
III. PASSAGE
(1) Why should Betty be inferior to John? Everybody will just take it for granted. No further questions are asked. Everybody thinks that it has been in line with Nature.
(2) Psychological and biological reasons are most frequently given. Women are more emotional. Men are more rational. Physically women and men are different by nature. These are facts, all right. But, aren't there any other reasons that make women inferior to men? Social and cultural reasons, for example?
(3) Some theorists believe that in the old days women actually had more authority than men. Later men came to a little higher civilization. Since then, men had to go hunting. Women were left at home. Hunting is more risky and dangerous. In addition, they began to realize the need of functional division of tasks. Women were supposed to take care of children or planting. Men, on the other hand, went out hunting. By going out hunting, got wider experience. Later men became much more powerful. Therefore, they were more authoritative than women. To keep this superiority, in later development, men began to create the patrilineal and patriarchal systems. These systems, directly or not, have made the superiority of men to women firmer. Not only did men wish to have sons, but so did women.
bronze 7
WHAT IS LIFE FOR?
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. Unseparable = tak terpisahkan
2. Essence = hakikat
3. Lack of = kekurangan
4. Self-konfidence = kepercayaan pada diri sendiri
5. Self-prestige = harga diri
6. Achievement = pencapaian
7. Worth = berharga
8. Lessen = mengurangi
9. Tense nerves = syaraf-syaraf yang tegang
10. Last but not least = terakhir tapi bukannya yang terjelek
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Well, so what is life for?
2. Why is it so?
III. PASSAGE
1. Have you ever thought what life is for? Once a genius gave us this formula: LIFE = working + enjoying yourself + resting. Please, consider this.
2. Working, enjoying yourself and resting are one. They are almost unseparable for you to get to the essence of life. Together the three of them build the happiness of your life. Isn't that the essence of life itself? What is life for after all?
3. A person cannot work all day long without resting or enjoying himself. He would be a machine-like person, then. On the other hand, he cannot enjoy himself by doing whatever he likes such as hobbies and traveling or just rest all the time either. Some achievement has to be made. By then, one may feel that it is worth living in this world. Otherwise, he will suffer from lack of self-confidence and self-prestige. No job means no money. No money and no job will be hard for him to be accepted in his society. This will truly lessen his confidence and prestige as a member of society. All of this is not just a materialistic view but rather a fact.
4. Last but not least, relaxation is, of course, very important too. It can calm down all your tense nerves after hard work. With afresh body and mind, you are ready to do other jobs. Only after then, would it be reasonable to expect better results.
bronze 8
CANNIBALS
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. navigator = nahkoda
2. adventurer = petualang
3. fertile = subur
4. naked = telanjang
5. induce = membujuk
6. astonished = heran
7. satisfied = puas
8. wondering at = terheran-heran
9. dragged = menyeret
10. roasted = memanggang
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Who were the cannibals?
2. What the cannibals eat? Why?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) What we know as America today is named after Amerigo Vespucci (1454 — 1512). He was an Italian navigator and also an adventurer.
(2) Once Amerigo Vespucci an adventurer came to a place. He described the place as very pleasant and fertile. His men were in great need water and wood. They went to the shore and found the natives looking at them from the top of a hill. They were naked.
(3) Vespucci's men tried to induce the natives to get along with them but failed. Another effort was made. They left many bells and mirrors on shore. The natives saw them. They came down the hill. They were all astonished at these things. In return Vespucci's men got water.
(4) Next morning those natives made much smoke. Vespuccio thought it was a signal for them to go on shore. He sent two of his men to see
what kind of people the natives were. He also wanted to know how rich the natives were. A few hours later, his men came back. They gave him a report. Vespuccio was very satisfied. Then, he bartered with the natives.
(5) On the seventh day, the shipmen saw native women being arranged on shore. It seemed that those women were sent to speak with them. To assure the natives, a strong, handsome young man was sent. Soon the women began to touch and feel him, wondering at him. But, suddenly a woman came down the hill. She knocked down the young man with a stick. The other women soon dragged him to the hill. There the young man was torn to pieces by those women. They roasted him in a great fire, and then ate him. All of this took place just before his friends.
bronze 9
BARNACLES
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. fasten = melekatkan
2. regarded = dianggap
3. attach = menempel
4. glue = lem, perekat
5. liquid = cairan
6. stick = menempel
7. antenna = sungut
8. shell = rumah kerang
9. splashing = deburan
10. dentistry = kedokteran gigi
II TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Is the story just about the life of these small sea-animals?
2. What is interesting then?
III. PASSAGE
(1) Barnacles are small sea-animals. They belong to the subclass Cirripedia, some members of the group are parasites, but barnacles are not. They fasten themselves head downwards to things under water such as rocks and the bottoms of ships. Usually they are regarded troublesome. A captain of a ship will certainly never let barnacles attach themselves to his ship.
(2) No matter how useless they seem to be, barnacles have become objects of interest. Scientists try hard to make
a kind of glue out of these sea animal. This glue is, of course, supposed to be very strong. They think that
the way the barnacles produce a clear liquid cement might be an inspiration.
(3) This process usually takes place as a barnacle comes to its final larval form. At this stage the barnacle will be free swimming and look for a place to attach itself. Then, it will stick to that place by producing that liquid cement from its antenna. At this new place it starts to form its shell and complete its development. The older the barnacle, the more liquid cement it produces. It seems that the liquid strongly holds the barnacle in place. Nothing can remove it. The splashing of big waves, the heat of the sun and even bacteria cannot move it away.
(4) The discovery of the components of barnacle glue will be a great contribution to dentistry and the medical world. By using this kind of glue, we can have a better glue for tooth fillings. Also broken bones probably will
not have to be fastened with metal anymore.
bronze 10
NOSTALGIA
1. bald = botak
3. aware = sadar
4. cheeks = pipi
5. pavement = trotoar
6. stared = memandang, menatap
7. peak = puncak
8. sighing = menghela napas
9. permission = ijin
10. tend = cenderung
TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Who felt nostalgic?
2. Why did the person have such a feeling?
3. What did the person do then?
PASSAGE
(1) One evening there was an old man walking down the main street of this town. He was bald. The old man was wearing spectacles and using a walking stick, passed a row of big office buildings. He seemed to recall something. Then he stopped in front of one of those offices He looked up at the windows on the top floor. They were closed and just lit with a 10 watt
neon light. Some drops of tears rolled down his cheeks. He was not aware of it. A minute later, he was moved to see the windows more clearly. He walked to the other side of the street and sat on the pavement. He held the stick with one hand and the spectacles with the other. He stared at the windows.
(2) In another building of about two kilometres from that street, people were busy looking for somebody. These people were Nursing House
workers. At the peak of their search, suddenly there came a police patrol car every searcher was sighing. At last they found what they were looking for. It was Mr. Scammon.
(3) The police told the story. They found Mr. Scammon sitting near the office building that night. The Nursing House people soon realized.
the room behind those windows used to be his office for years. He built his career there. That evening he was at the peak of his nostalgia for his success in the past. This led him to walk out of the Nursing House without permission. In their loneliness, old people often tend to come back to their sweet memories.
bronze 11
THE TALE PROVES TRUE
DIFFICULT WORDS
1. erupted = meletus
2. precious = berharga
3. accompanied = ditemani
4. subterranean vaults = lubang di bawah tanah
5. in vain = sia-sia
6. sulphurous vapour = uap belerang
7. skeletons = tengkorak
8. adults = orang dewasa
9. apparent = jelas
10. remarkable = menakjubkan
TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
What was the story about?
Who proved it to be true? How?
PASSAGE
1) Once there was a rich family. They lived in a villa in Pompeii. Pompeii was an ancient city near Naples, in Italy and located south-east to Mount Vesuvius. One day, in 79 A.D., Mount Vesuvius almost erupted. People in the villa also caught its fearful signs.
2) After collecting his most precious things, the father fled to the sea accompanied by a slave. He left his big family and a very beautiful young daughter. Unfortunately, he himself never reached the sea alive. The rest of the family looked for protection in the subterranean vaults. They took down with them foods and drinks for their supplies. They hoped those foods & and drinks would be enough for them until the horrible things were over. However, their hopes were in vain. When the heat came, it destroyed
the vaults. Many became ashes. The air became sulphurous vapour and charged with burning dust. In their despair, the men were trying hard to escape but the women were waiting with more patience. The result, however just the same. They all died — only in different ways.
3) Centuries later, archeologists discovered their home. The father's and slave's skeletons were found near the garden gate. In the master's
hand, there was the key of that gate. In the vaults, skeletons of eighteen adults a boy and a baby were found in a group. The very extraordinary fine clothes worn by the daughter were also apparent. That was a remarkable discovery. How come? What seems to be just a tale proves true.
1) Pompeii was an ancient city near Naples, in Italy and
2) Mount
3), in 79 A.D., Mount
bronze test
HOW TO BECOME A CHAMPION
DIFFICULT WORDS
1. champion = juara
2. accomplishment = pencapaian
3. dedicated = mengabdikan diri
4. effort = usaha
5. coach = pelatih
6. endure = menahan
7. glide = meluncur
8. slope = lereng
9. determined = ditentukan
10. perspiration = keringat, peluh
PASSAGE
1) Johnny Weissmuller (1904 — 1984), the movie's first Tarzan of sound film was a great swimmer. During his career, he won five Olympic
wild medals and held sixty world records. He was surely one of the greatest swimmer in this century. Sixty world records were surely great accomplish¬ments in one's lifetime. Johnny dedicated himself completely to his career.
He spent so much energy, effort and time.
2) To become a champion is not as easy as dreamer may wish. You may want it but not win it — unless you continuously and regularly try to do your best. The quality of a winner is greatly determined by your perspir¬ation. Other people as well as your best coach can only tell you what is the best for you. However, the real decision is in your hand. You should be able to take pain, loss and unpleasant experience. Altogether they will prove your talent to become a champion. An unpleasant experience, should not be an excuse for you not to practise or try or fight again. In short, you have to be able to endure all kinds of experiences and practise a lot.
3) The way to the top is always hard. Frequently it is rocky. That is the price you have to pay after all. Yet, never think that once you have
ar¬rived at the top, you will never glide down. Be careful! The other side of the slope already awaits you — the champion.
silver 1
THE HERO OF THE ARCTIC
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. husky = anjing eskimo
2. sled = kereta salju
3. adapt = menyesuaikan diri
4. double — layered coat = bulu berlapis ganda
5. coarse = kasar
6. contributions = sumbangan
7. region = daerah
8. Arctic seal = anjing laut di Laut Arktik
9. shrimps = udang
10.tracks = jejak, jalur perjalanan
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
I. Why is it called the hero of the Arctic?
2. How hard is it to live in a place such as that in the story?
IV. PASSAGE
(I) One of the strongest animals is perhaps the Husky. It is the Eskimo sled dog. The dog is twenty-five inches high and about forty-four inches long. He can weigh as many as one hundred pounds. To match with his job, the dog has a deep wide chest, thick neck and iron hard legs. He can even travel on broken rock and ice. A horse cannot! To adapt himself to cold temperature, the husk has thick double — layered coat with four to six inches long coarse hair. He can stand fifty degrees below zero. A team of twelve to fifteen dogs can pull a sled of 1,100 pounds. He can cover twenty-v¬ive miles a day.
(2) The huskies really have great contributions to the Eskimo in hunting. They also help doctors and policemen on their duties in this region. The dogs. take people from one place to another. This helps people in such a terribly cold region to communicate. Moreover, their contributions have enabled those people to survive and progress.
(3) Their need of foods is great. In winter they like eating the Arctic seal’s meat. In summer the Eskimos usually let the huskies to find their own foods. They like to look for shrimps and birds' eggs. When a husk is hungry, he can bite somebody or something. In general, he is gentle and friendly. He can work extra hard till he drops in his tracks. The husk is surely a hero of the artic.
(4) We, man, should learn from them. How they work and serve others.
silver 2
HOW TO DEVELOP YOUR IDEAS
1. inventions = penemuan-penemuan
2. creativity = kreativitas
3. wishful thinking = berkhayal
4.bit by bit = sedikit demi sedikit
5.strengthen = memperkuat
6. insight = pandangan, gagasan
7.refresh = mempersegar
8.based on = berdasarkan
9.worthless = tak berharga
10.solution = pemecahan
III. TRIGGERING QUESTION
(1). What is important to remember to develop our ideas?
IV. PASSAGE
(1). It is a fact that many brilliant inventions resulted from human creativi¬ty. The inventions of telephone, radio, television, electric light, com¬puter, and so on, have proved this.
(2). Of course, it is impossible to develop your creativity simply by wishful thinking. You must exercise it bit by bit. No matter how small the new idea that comes into your mind, you can always start with it. Try to see how to develop it further. In this way you will strengthen your mind in develop¬ing new ideas.
(3). You can always learn to develop new ideas by reading, discussing things with other people, travelling a lot, etc. After you have got your first new insight, you must take the second step; that is, preparation. In this preparation stage, among other things, you must try to collect information, and think of the ways things have to be done. In case you meet big difficulties, you'd better refresh yourself for a while by taking a walk, taking a nap, enjoying your hobbies, etc. This will really help you find a way-out. Remember this saying, "Ail work and no play makes Jack a dull boy". You will become boring, and also get too tired. Even worse, no solution comes out to your problem.
(4). Taking notes is also an important activity. Nobody can remember everything he has done. Next to that your notes would also help you go over again your previous work. Perhaps you have left it for a certain reason or another. Based on the preparation you have made, you can then start working on your new idea.
(5). Remember that a great idea is worthless unless it comes to the right person. You can be that right person if you want to. Why not?
silver 3
SUICIDE AMONG THE YOUNG
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1.suicide =bunuh diri
2. requirements = tuntutan-tuntutan
3. alternative = pilihan
4. rejection = penolakan
5. appetite = nafsu makan
6. decline = penurunan
7. drug = obat terlarang
8. precious possessions = harta milik yang berharga
9. complaints = keluhan-keluhan
10. intention = maksud
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Has suicide among the young been very serious?
2. Why is it so?
3. How to help them?
I PASSAGE
(1) In big cities the changes of social life have continuously increased the number of teenage suicides. Those who are not quite intelligent feel unhappy in high competitions for jobs and education. This kind of feeling often leads them to negative thought. They think that it is not worth living. They feel worried and sometimes frustrated of being unable to meet various kinds of requirements. These young people feel hopeless and helpless. They do not know how to find a better way than giving up.
(2) Many parents are just busy with their own lives and careers. The young are left with their own problems. This brings about feeling of isolation and rejection.
(3) Some attempt to win attention in an unusual way, for example, speeding on a motor-cycle. Some others would threaten suicide to get either attention or what they want.
(4) Others would show tiredness, loss of appetite, much changes, a decline in school work, heavy smoking, writing lots of letters to friends, an increase in drug or alcohol use, giving away precious possessions.
(5) As friends or parents or teachers, we should never take no notice of their complaints. Never think unimportant whatever they are worried about. Try to listen to their problems, and see it from their view. This will make them feel accepted. They should be helped to see a better alternative by discussing things with them. In this way, his sense of self-importance is brought back. This might change his intention to commit suicide.
SILVER 4
PLASTICS IN MODERN LIFE
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. era = zaman
2. wrapped = dibungkus
3. containers = dos, tabung
4. classified = digolongkan .
5. advantage = keuntungan
6. lighter = lebih ringan
7. litter = buangan barang tak terpakai di tempat umum
8. discarded = tak terpakai
10. dissolved = larut, lumat
II. TRIGGERING QUESTION
1. What is the importance of plastic in modern life?
2. What do people know about plastic?
III. PASSAGE
(1) Over a hundred years ago, celluloid was the main material for making plastics. The discovery of celluloid for plastics started a new era. Since then plastics have been developed into so many forms and shapes.
(2) In the beginning of its era, only poor people like plastics. Things made of plastics such as plates and cups looked dull and cheap. At that time scientists had not been able to make the plastics as you can see now.
(3) Nowadays, everywhere you go, you can almost always find plastics in many different colours and shapes: on your table you are excited to see your beautiful plastics roses; the pens you use to write letters to your dearest friends; some parts of the motor cycle you ride at the weekends; the things or food you have just bought are also wrapped in plastics. Above all, scientists have planned to build plastics aeroplanes for 21st century transportation. These planes will be as strong as those made of metal but cheaper and lighter. There are plastics in almost everything you see and use in your daily life.
(4) There are two main types of plastics. The type you use for your pipes, cups, plates, and many other kinds of containers. These are classified as “soft plastics”. It is soft because it does not easily break if it falls down. Things like your radios and television sets use “hard plastics”. They can break if they are dropped into a hard floor. Their advantage is that they are more resistant against heat.
(5) Plastics waste, however, is a serious pollution problem nowadays. There is more and more plastics waste around. Wherever we go, that kind of litter is almost in every place: in the market, along the beach, around a football field, and other public places. Moreover, discarded plastic bottles or bags are more difficult to be dissolved than those of paper, for example.
SILVER 5
TRANSLATING MACHINE
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. linguist = ahli bahasa
2. facilitate = mempermudah
3. barrier = halangan
4. communicate = berkomunikasi
5. phrases = ungkapan-ungkapan
6. strip = helai, strip
7. amplifier = alat pengeras suara
8. invented = ditemukan, diciptakan
9. solve = memecahkan
10. word processor = mesin pengolah kata
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Why do we need a translating machine?
2. How does it work?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) Recently many scientists and linguists have worked together. They put
their heads together to facilitate communications among different na¬tions. In other words, they try to break the language barrier in communica¬tion. An Englishman might find it difficult to communicate with a French¬man. A Siamese might also have the same difficulty when he wants to com¬municate with Japanese. The reason is that they speak different languages.
(2) Keith Chidwick has invented an electronic machine. It can produce
phrases in French, German, Italian and English. His machine just looks like a tape-recorder. Suppose you want to ask somebody "Are you a student?" in French, you just take the right card for that question. Each card stores two hundred and forty words. There are four strips of tape in each card, one for each language. The size of the card is only seven by nine centimetres. After picking up the right card, you just play the machine, and ... "Vous ~e~ tes~e~tudiant?" will come out of the amplifier.
(3) Chidwick's machine sounds very useful for travellers, doesn't it? There
is still another machine called Weidner's New System. It is specially in¬vented for professional translators. It can help a translator to solve gram¬matical difficulties and produce up to 1,000 words of text per hour. The system combines a mini-computer and a word processor. Though it is devised only for English-to-Arabic translation, perhaps one day you will also have one for the translation of your language to another foreign language. The only thing you have to do is look at the word-processor screen. You will see the translation and the original text there.
silver 6
UNFORGETTABLE EXPERIENCE
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. patrol = patroli
2. coast = pantai
3. imprisoned = dipenjara
4. desperate = putus asa
5. wrist = pergelangan tangan
6. razor blade = pisau silet
6. nodded = mengangguk
7. plunged into = terjun ke
9. glanced over = menengok sejenak
10. natives = penduduk asli
ll. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Where did the story happen?
2. Who experienced it?
3. Why is it unforgettable?
III. PASSAGE
(1) This is my unforgettable experience. It happened during the Second World War I was posted to a small island in the Pacific Ocean. One sunny day, I was leading the patrol along the coast when suddenly we were attacked by the Japanese. We were all imprisoned.
(2) It was Raymond who saved me.
(3) After several months in the prison, Raymond was very desperate. He cut his own wrist with a razor blade. It was terrible to see a friend dying in such a way.
(4) Immediately panic broke out. Other prisoners pushed each other aside. They wanted to know what had happened. Then there was total silence after the guard gave a warning shot.
(5) A big, strong prisoner and I were ordered to take away Raymond's
body to a big river. We reached the bank of the river. I did not really know what happened then. Everything seemed to happen at once. I signall¬ed with my eye to him, the big man nodded. Then, we threw the body at the guard. Waiting no longer, we plunged into the river. As soon as my head touched the water, I swam, kicking out wildly.
(6) A minute later the guard started firing.
(7) I was just a little ahead of him when I heard the big man crying. I
glanced over my shoulder. I saw him throwing up his hands. Then, he disappeared. I swam as far as I could. I just left everything to chance. I didn't really know what would come next. Could I possibly survive? God knew; I didn't. Fortunately, I was able to reach the nearby village. I got a lot of help from the natives to find my way to my post.
silver 7
THE BEAUTIFUL TULIPS
. I. DIFFICULT WORDS
stem batang
framed dibingkai
windmills kincir angin
arousing menimbulkan
ambassador duta besar
court istana
envious iri hati
blooming berbunga
speculators spekulan
crashed menghancurkan
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Is it about the famous tulips in the Netherlands?
2. Is it about their beauty only or something else?
III. PASSAGE
(1) A tall stem framed by several leaves, and bell like tulip always catches us to admire it.
It moves a child to pick it and a woman to have it.
(2) Holland is known for its tulips. The country is almost always associated
with these flowers beside windmills.
(3) The flowers have long cought the hearts of Dutch. It was as early as the
first time they were brought to Europe. This moved Alexandre Dumas
to write that the Dutch paid too much respect to the tulips.
Even, no naturalist ever dared to do so. They were afraid of arousing the jealousy of God.
(4) As a matter of fact, tulips came from Central Asia. They were brought
to Afghanistan, Iran, Caucasus and later to Holland. As story tells that once a
French botanist Carolus Clusius got tulips from the Austrian am¬bassador to the court
of King Suleiman. Clusius, however, was never willing to share the tulips for
purposes other than science. This made a group of en¬vious Dutch gardeners
steal them. Within a few years, tulips were blooming in every part of Holland.
(5) Since then, tulips have become commercial goods. It invited specula
tors to be in the tulips business. Everybody wanted to make a big
profit from this trade. 1630's was known as the tulipomanis period.
In the later stage, there were more sellers than buyers. This, of course,
crashed the market. It is said that there was so large amount of money in this business.
This put the country's finance in a big trouble.
(6) Nowadays there are 4,000 varieties of garden tulips. They show great variation in colour and type.
silver 8
HOW MUCH IS YOUR FREEDOM
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. illiterate = buta huruf
2. bet = bertaruh
3. willingly = dengan senang hati
4. pirates =perampok
5. robbed = merampok
5. refugees = pengungsi
6. repression = tekanan
7. poverty = kemiskinan
8. unemployment = pengangguran
9. employees = pekerja
11. sugar canes = tebu
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Is it so serious with our freedom?
2. What is the example?'
III. PASSAGE
(1) Have you ever seen or thought about how much the price of freedom is?
When man is under political pressure, poor and illiterate; he will try to free himself
from those things. Often the price is terribly expensive.
(2) Thousands of Vietnamese have left their country. Enroute to a new
country, it was their lives they bet for freedom. Horror has almost
always become their most faithful company. Most willingly, the high sea
welcomed them to her bed. Apart from this, pirates often attacked them.
They killed the men and disturbed the women. Yet, that was not all.
Those pirates still robbed those unfortunate refugees. When they left their coun¬try,
didn't those refugees consider these dangers?
(3) Once a male refugee told James Pringle, a Newsweek reporter, "We
knew there would be pirates. But, communism is worse than pirates."
Another refugee said, "The women know what awaits them, but they know that is the price of freedom."
(4) A similar tragedy also happened to hundreds or even thousands of Hai
tians under Claude Duvalier's. In their own country they suffered from
political repression, poverty, diseases and unemployment. Cutting sugar canes
is a hard job. Employers often treat their employees badly. Yet, lots of Haitians
still fight to get that kind of job. Why? They need jobs. Many others have left their country.
They know that the price for it is very expen¬sive. If they are caught or returned to their country,
they will be sent to Fort Dimanche, a prison.
silver 9
CROCODILES
1. painted snout = moncong
2. crocodile = buaya
3. swamps = rawa – rawa
4. existed = ada
5. nest s = sarang
6. warblings = bersiul seperti burung
7. back arching = melekukkan punggung
8.bubble blowing = mengeluarkan buih-buih air
9. endangered = membahayakan
10. a decline = penurunan
11. skins = kulit
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Is the story about the life of crocodiles?
2. If so, what is interesting in their lives?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) Nowadays, we can only find twenty-one species and seven subspecies of
crocodiles. These reptiles differ from alligators by having a more point¬ed snout
and fewer teeth. We can still see the crocodiles fourth tooth when they open their mouths.
Mostly they live in tropical fresh waters and sub¬tropical swamps and rivers.
The crocodilians have existed for almost 200 million years.
Their close family the dinosaurs, however, have long died out.
(2) It might sound strange to you that crocodiles closest relatives are in fact
warm-blooded birds. If you notice that birds build nests, so do the female crocodilians.
They gather mud and brush to lay over a hundred eggs. They have more complex brains than
those of other reptiles. It enables crocs to learn readily. Crocs' hearts are almost as advanced
as those of birds and mammals.
(3) Crocodilians may weigh as many as one ton. Full-grown crocs may reach twenty-five
feet in length. They may even live for over a hundred years.
(4) They produce certain sounds in their communication wit h each other.
Each has its own meaning. Communication under water is done through
low-frequency warblings. We, of course, cannot hear them. He may give
his message through this body language by performing a back arching or bubble blowing.
(5) Some crocs are very dangerous. Though they mostly eat fish, water
birds or land animals, they can also eat man, antelopes or buffalos.
Even a big Nile croc can bring down a water buffalo and tear its body. But, perhaps,
the most dangerous species is the saltwater croc.
(6) Nevertheless, many factors have also endangered the existence of
crocodilians. Hunters look for their skins. The fast growing human population
take away their habitat. Other animals such as leopards, lions, goliath herons have
caused a decline in their numbers. There used to be millions of saltwater crocs in Nothern Australia.
Today they just count 5,000. Some are more unfortunate. The Orinoco crocodiles are only 280 left.
The Chinese alligators have possibly no longer existed.
silver 10
THANKS, GOD!
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. regarded = menganggap
2. unbearable = tak tertahankan
3. horrible = menakutkan, mengerikan
4. bruises = bisul-bisul
5. fed = memberi makan
6. breast = payudara
7. desert = padang pasir
8. twist = terpilih
II. TRIGGERING QUESTION
1. Who thanked God? Why?
III. PASSAGE
(1) Here is one of my unforgettable experience a few days after I celebrat
ed my seventeenth birthday. As a daughter of a UNICEF officer,
I got a chance to accompany my father to visit the African Sahel.
I regarded my worthiest birthday gift.
(2) As our jeep stopped, in the distance of some one hundred metres I saw'
tens or even hundreds of women and children sitting on the sand.
They were burnt by the unbearable, at least for me, sun's heat.
It seemed to me t hat they were waiting for something. They looked
at the distance where here was nothing. The wind blew; the dust flew.
(3) When we came closer, they smiled at us. A smile that I didn't really
understand. It was on faces that bore hopeless souls, bony bodies.
I al¬most jumped up and soon shut my eyes when I passed by a woman
with her baby in her arms. It was such a horrible view for me. The
mother was still of my age. She was very thin, and there were bruises
along her arms. Her little baby was so dark and thin that it looked like
more a dead monkey than a human being. I noticed that the child
was crying, but there was no sound coming out of its mouth. There
were hardly even tears. When the mother fed him, there was not the least
drop of milk coming out of her breast!
(4) Looking back to my birthday party, oh, thanks, God! In that desert shed tears,
but not because of the twist in my stomach, nor the heat, of the sun.
The reason was that I felt thankful for the special dishes, gifts and smiles at my party.
And, most of all there were love and attention from my parents, brothers, sisters and friends.
silver 11
TWO DIFFERENT SMILES
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. a dense forest = hutan lebat
2. explore = menjelajah
3. tools = alat-alat
4. suck =menghisap
5. mimic warfare = perang-perangan
6. glittering = berkiiauan
7. dunes = gundukan
8. bare = telanjang, gundul
9. trunk = koper
10. labelled = diberi label
11. game = binatang buruan
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Whose smiles were they?
2. How were they different? Why?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) In a dense forest in Africa, a tall white man was leading some black man to explore the forest. They were taking the West direction.
(2) From the East, there was another group of black men coming. They were led by a brown, strong young man.
(3) Each group was equipped with modern and traditional tools. The white's group was looking for diamonds; the brown's was searching for gold. Both were competing to suck everything that the African earth provided. Their competition was not limited to what was hidden in the earth. They also hunted game and cut the woods. It was a mimic warfare for them to live there. Whenever people of these two groups met each other, it was not unusual that they would fight, even without any reason.
(4) As time went by, the dense forest has turned into a large desert. Under the heat of the sun, the glittering sand dunes had taken the place of the ever-green forest.
(5) On this bare place, naturally the two groups were able to see each other more clearly. Strangely, they did not fight any longer but smiled at each other instead. Nothing was left now. No diamonds, no gold, no game, nor any other forestry products.
(6) One day the black people of those two groups saw their leaders standing at the port waiting for ships. Each of them had a trunk labelled with 'you-may-not-know' in his hand. When the ships came, they shook hands and left the black people sitting on the sand. Seeing their masters shake hands, each group of the black people then did the same with the other group while waving to their masters. They smiled. But, were their smiles the same as those of the men who were leaving?
silver lest
LEARN FROM AN INDIAN
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. wickedest = paling jahat
2. unselfish = tidak egois
3. snare = jerat
4. spears = tombak
5. complaint = keluhan
6. sighting = mengincar
7. Indian reservation = daerah perlindungan untuk orang-orang Indian
8. hook = mata pancing
9. alertness = kewaspadaan
10. hip = paha
III. PASSAGE
(1) To keep the security of a town such as Goldfield, Nevada, is surely not an easy job. It really needs a right man who is decisive, brave and bright. He should know and dare to act against all kinds of gangsters.
(2) In 1906 Goldfield was known as the richest but also wickedest Western town. Claude Inman was chosen as the chief of police who had to clean up and keep the peace in the town. It turned out that he had been very suc¬cessful in his job. Later, Claud Inman said that he was taught and trained by an old Indian chief named Joe.
(3) Joe was a Piute chief whom Inman described as wise, honest, unselfish and brave. When he and his family tried to escape from an Indian reservation, they suffered from the coldness of snow. His wife had been too weak to go farther and one of his two babies died of the cold. Luckily, they were saved by Inman's parents. To show his thanks, Joe took Inman's fa¬ther's name. Joe worked for him and looked on Inman as his own son. "You are not a white boy. You are Injum," once Indian Joe told Inman.
(4) Joe taught Inman as well as his own son Dave. These two boys were taught to make a bird trap, a cactus fish-hook, or a horsehair snare for rabbits. To build their sense of alertness, Joe asked the boys to walk care¬fully in the small river where he had placed round rocks among step¬pingstones. Otherwise, they might fall off. He would also ask them to stand dead still in the water with their spears raised, waiting for the right moment to strike fish. No complaint was allowed. At 12, they learned to hit a run¬ning deer with an arrow. Later, the chief also taught them to shoot with a gun without sighting along the gun. They should be able to shoot a gun from the hip.
gold I
INTERNATIONAL BRAINS CONTEST
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. Contest = perlombaan
2. wits = kecerdasan
3. participate = rnengikuti
4. dominated = sebagian besar dik uasai
5. contingent = kontingen, peserta
6. bronze = perunggu
7. boasting =menyombongkan diri, membual
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Where did the story happen?
2. Who took part in the contest?
3. Who won?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) In sports games we have the Olympics. It always attracts millions of people's attention all over the world. People are eager to see the best sportsmen art the world compete for gold, silver and bronze medals.
(2) There is another type of international contest. It is not in sports, but in mathematics instead. Therefore, it is called the International Mathe¬matical Olympiad.
(3) The first Olympiad was held in the East block countries in 1959. In this first brainy battle of wits, Rumania came out on top. However, the Soviets have taken first place since them. The United States began to par¬ticipate in the Olympiad in 1974. In this first try, the United States came in second. The Olympiad was still dominated by East Europeans. But, in 1977 the Yanks (Americans) proved themselves the best.
(4) In the 1981 Mathematical Olympiad, the United States contingent consisted of 14 to 18 year old boys. Before they were chosen represen¬tatives of the United States, they had to compete with 420,000 other stu¬dents in the annual High School Mathematical exams. Two months later the top 150 participated in the U.S.A. Math Olympiad. Then, eight of them would represent the United States in the International Math Olympiad. They were the best in competing against 192 of the World's best and brightest high school math students from 27 countries.
(5) Though, the problems were extremely hard for ordinary people, Benjamin Fisher, 18, of New York City, said that the exam was too easy. Even, Jeremy Primer, 16, thought that it was just a joke. They were not boasting. They proved it. Their team, came in top with 314 points. Next was the German with 312 and the British with 301.
gold 2
JAVANESE WEDDING CEREMONY
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. herbal = jamu
2. responsible = bertanggune jawab
3. kneel down = berlutut
4. bridal couch = kursi pengantin
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Are there still a lot of traditional things used in the ceremony?
2. What do they symbolize?
I II. PASSAGE
(1) In every culture a wedding is always an extraordinary event, as it is in Javanese culture.
(2) Traditionally, in Javanese culture, before the wedding day a bride has to stay apart from the bridegroom for 40 days. What a long period of time! it is called `pingitan'. What are they supposed to do? The girl, parti¬cularly, has to keep her body and face clean by using a kind of traditional herbal powder called 'lulur’ so that on the wedding day her skin will look bright and soft.
(3) On the last day of her `pingitan', there is a ceremony called `siraman' in which seven elderly relatives will bathe the bride. On this occasion, the bride is bathed in water with certain kinds of flowers; that is, the 'kembang setaman'. Then, she is dressed up by a `dukun rias', a beautician. A part of the 'siraman' water is sent to the bridegroom for his bath. In the evening, the bride's family hold the so-called `malam widodaren' (the fairy's night) as a farewell party for her. It is as a symbol before she leaves home and begins her new life. Many of her friends and relatives will come to the party.
(4) On the wedding day, the bridegroom has to promise in the 'ijab kabul' ceremony. Basically the promises say that he will be faithful, gentle and responsible to his wife and family. As in many other cultures, the bri¬degroom also has to give his wedding-gifts or `mas kawin' to the bride. The Value of the gifts differ from one to another. The richer the bridegroom, the more expensive the `mas kawin' usually is. Faithful moslems, it is not sel¬dom that they present the Qur'an as the wedding-gift.
(5) The next day, the bride and bridegroom meet each other in the 'ternon' ceremony. This time they are accompanied by their parents and rela¬tives. In the ceremony the bride and the bridegroom throw some ‘sirih’ leaves over each other. After this, the bride and bridegroom will crush an egg together. This symbolizes that they will always meet and solve problems together. As a sign of faithfulness, the bride should kneel down. She washes the bridegroom's right foot with 'kembang setaman' water and cleans it with a small towel. Then, they sit in the bridal couch called `pagi-pagi'. This time, they listen to advice or `ular-ular' given by an elderly man. This part of the ceremony is very formal. After that, they go to a less formal one.
gold 3
THE BIGGEST WAR
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. Explosion = ledakan
2. Horrifying = mcnakutkan, mengerikan
3. Gambling = bertaruh
4. nerve wrecking = menegangkan syaraf
5. apparently = tampaknya
6. notion = faham, pengertian
7. wolf = serigala
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Which is the biggest war?
2. Why is it the biggest?
III PASSAGE
(1) When John Steinbeck said that the biggest war was "the war" you knew. It was true. He illustrated it as follows:
(2) Once there were two brothers. The elder one experienced one war and his younger brother another. Each said that the war he knew was the biggest one. Yet, no matter how big or small the war is, to those who are di¬rectly involved in the war, it will always be a big war, at least, if not the big-pest. They undergo all the bad things the war produces. The things which can hardly be described with words alone. Your words are not as strong as the explosion of dynamite, for instance. Again the words cannot really describe the horrifying moments when you are gambling with your own life in the war. The fear of death, the terror that you feel night and day. All of this is a really nerve wrecking experience.
(3) As a matter of fact, it is no use arguing which war is big and which one is not. All are big if you are involved yourself. It would be more sen¬sible to learn from those terrible results that war has produced. And, each of us should earnestly promise not to increase the number of children who are looking for their fathers, and wives who are waiting for their husbands.
(4) Nevertheless, things do not apparently run in line with that kind of peace-loving notion. Almost every day people are more and more wor¬ried about a nuclear war that might some day happen, which they always read about in newspapers or magazines and hear on radios or televisions. Would man, who calls himself the brightest of creatures, fool himself? Or rather is it his nature that a man will always be a wolf towards others? (Horno Homini Lupus)
gold 4
NATION BUILDING
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. amazing = menakjubkan
2. afford = sanggup mengusahakan
3. domestic = dalam negeri
4. campaign = kampanye
5. integrated effort = usaha terpadu
6. subsidize = memberi bantuan keuangan
7. promote = memajukan
8. hijacked books = buku-buku bajakan
9. strictly = dengan tegas
III TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. What aspect of nation building is it about?
2. What kinds of problems do we have?
3. What does the writer suggest?
I V. PASSAGE
(1) Developing the knowledge of a nation greatly depends on the number of good books available. Needless to say, students should ideally be supplied with those kinds of books. How amazing it is when you discover site!' books. They have the power to take you to the moon, to the bottom of the sea, to any other places that you'd probably never go yourself. Good hooks take you passing over the time boundary into the past, present and future. That is just to mention a few, of course.
(2) Unfortunately, the prices of good books are very often so high that many students cannot afford to buy them. This, in turn, will reduce the number of books they read. That will not be positive for the development of the nation in the future. To obtain the same books with lower prices, students usually buy them at second hand book kiosks which are getting more popular now in big cities. Besides they sell used books, which are all right, they also sell pirated books. They are books which are copied illegally from the original sources. Consequently, this reduces the incomes of the authors and the rightful publishers of the books, because the book, pirates do not pay any royalty to them. Those kiosks are not the only places that sell that kind of pirated books, though.
(3) One might suggest opening more book stores. However, often this does not help the situation. How can they survive if people's interest in reading is low? importing more books is not a solution, either, if the prices
(4) of books are still too high. Moreover, the foreign language used brings about another problem. Foreign languages often discourage students from reading books. Translation seems to give a way-out. Unfortunately, up to now the number of translated books is quite small.
(5) An integrated effort is probably needed. First, the government should subsidize books. This can be in the form of cutting the tax of imported books. Secondly, authors and publishers of a book should strictly be pro¬tected from any kind of wrong doing, i.e. pirating. Next there should be a big campaign to make people aware of the importance and fun of reading. In line with this, writing competitions should also be encouraged, so that domestic writers will also increase in number. This will not only increase people's interest in reading but also encourage and promote more indivi¬duals and native writers.
(6) In all cases, however, the teachers' and parents' roles are very important. They can give real encouragement to the young, in particular. They can also take a great part in educating and directing the young to appreciate one's work; that is to say, buy the original books and not the hijacked ones.
gold 5
CANZERL THE MODERN NAPOLEON
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. deputy assistant = pejabat pembantu
2. ethnically = berdasarkan keturunan
3. sanitation workers' union = serikat petugas kebersihan
4. wit = kecerdikan
5. tense atmosphere = suasana tegang
6. negotiators = perunding
7. spontaneously = dengan spontan
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Who is Canzeri?
2. How is he similar to Napoleon?
3. What is interesting in him (Canzeri)?
I II. PASSAGE
(1) "I'm here to serve," said Canzeri. He is deputy assistant to President Reagan, and executive assistant to the deputy White House chief of staff. Canzeri's height is only 5 feet 6.5 (1.68 metres). Ethnically he is an Italian. His friends often say that his title is taller than he is.
(2) Joe, as his friends call him, can do almost everything well. It is perhaps better than anyone else. His sense of humour often helps calm down a highly tense atmosphere during the White House top staff meetings. His size and wit are quite like those of Napoleon.
(3) Once Rockefeller, Governor of New York, had a marathon meeting with leaders of the sanitation workers' union at the Gotham Hotel. They were trying to solve a strike caused by workers in New York. The dis¬cussion was very serious. It made them very tired and also hungry. It was almost 5 a.m. At that time, there was only one guard in the lobby of hotel. Canzeri, as Rockefeller's closest friend and assistant, let himself into the kitchen. Then, he prepared and served breakfast for 30 tired and hungry negotiators. It was only after this that they were able to continue their dis¬cussions and come to an agreement to solve the strike.
(4) In the White House, Canzeri is called Tony Canzory. He is well-liked there. His friends often ask him to help them. One day one of his friends forgot his name and called him Tony. A few weeks later, President Reagan also forgot his name. At that time, the President spontaneously called him Tony Canzory. That is how he got his new name.
gold 6
BABE RUTH THE GREAT
I. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. nickname = nama panggilan
2. batter = pemukul dalam baseball
3. cared about = memperhatikan, peduli akan
4. autograph = foto diri yang telah dibubuhi tanda tangan
5. gloves = sarung tangan
6. mask = topeng
7. chest protector = alat pelindung dada
8. deed = perbuatan
9. kids = anak-anak
10. orphans = anak-anak yatim-piatu
II. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. Who/what was Babe Ruth?
2. Why was he called the best?
3. What was so typical in him? Example?
III. PASSAGE
(1) It really takes more to be great than just being a good or the best player.
(2) George Herman Ruth was the idol of American boys. "Babe" was his nickname. He was called the Home-Run King. He was the greatest bat¬ter that baseball ever knew. His warm personality made Babe Ruth not only great in the game but also outside the field.
(3) One day, when New York Yankees were having practice to prepare themselves for the world series of 1926 against St. Louis, the ground-keeper told Babe Ruth that a man wanted to speak to him. The man then told Babe Ruth that his son Johnny was very sick. No specialist was able to cure the boy for Johnny only cared about nothing else but Babe Ruth. The man asked Babe Ruth to give a note, or a ball, or a bat, or something with Babe Ruth's autograph for Johnny. The father hoped in this way Johnny could get well again. After asking for his address, Ruth said, "All right, I'll try to help you in some ways."
(4) In the afternoon, Ruth did come to see Johnny. He dropped two bats, two gloves, several baseballs, a mask and chest protector on Johnny's bed. He spent one hour with the boy, telling him about baseball and giving pictures of great players.
(5) Months later, a man introduced himself as Jhonny’s uncle. The man thanked Babe Ruth for saving the boy's life. Babe Ruth had even not the least idea of who Johnny was. That was typical Ruth. He never remem¬bered his good deed as soon as it was done.
(6) What he liked most in the world was kids. He said that if he had a million dollars, he would buy a private home for orphans. Ruth himself had become an orphan when he was very young. In his hey-day, his salary was $ 80,000. It was surely more than that of the President of the United States.
(7) Ruth died in 1948 at the age of 53.
Gold7
BE CAREFUL WITH YOUR WORDS
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. an orphanage = rumah yatim-piatu
2. shrilling = berteriak, menjerit-jerit
3. sobbing = tersedu-sedu
4. invalid = cacat
5. exclusion = pengasingan
6. consolation = pelipur lara
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
I. Why should we be careful with our words?
2. What is the example given?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) One day we visited an orphanage. It was a well-cared for orphanage with altogether some thirty girls and twenty boys. Most of them were between six and twelve years old.
(2) We were entertaining these children. We sang and played games. Some were even shrilling happily. All the children seemed very happy but one. This boy was sitting in the corner of the hall by himself. He was sobb¬ing.
(3) I came to him and asked him to join the rest, but he did not want to. This made me curious to know what had happened and later I found out that he was an invalid. One of his legs was smaller than the other one. I really wanted to know if there was any relation between his exclusion from the others' company and his physical condition. Unfortunately, it turned out to be true.
(4) Actually, Stephanus, the boy in question had tried to join the first game we had had. He was as happy as the other children. However, as soon as he prepared to take part in the game, some of his friends told him not to do that. "Hey, you will break your small leg," they said. It was, of course, quite a shock for Stephanus to hear that. It really hurt him and made him go to the corner where he sat alone. He was so hurt, sad, and lonely that tears and being alone were the only consolations. There was no mother or father who would listen to him and friends who wanted to play with him. All of his problems he had to undergo by himself at his very early age; he was just six.
(5) You see, children are often innocent. They do not really realize that sometimes what they say can hurt other people. It is our duty to help them to learn what is good and bad. In other words how to behave towards others.
Gold
ANOTHER SIDE OF CHARLES DARWIN
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. by chance = secara kebetulan
2. spiders = laba-laba
3. rare beetles = kumbang dari jenis yang langka
4. popped lino = dimasukkan ke dalant
5. acid = asam
6. burning fluid = cairan panas
7. excursions = tamasya
8. naval = angkatan laut
III TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
1. What side of Charles Darwin is going to be talked here?
2. Is it about his youth, his study, or his career as a scientist?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) We usually imagine that Charles Darwin was an old, bald professor with thick eye-brows and a long beard. Now, let us see Charles in another picture.
(2) You may not believe that Charles Darwin began his career as a scientist quite by chance. On 5 September 1831, unexpectedly he was asked to meet Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS beagle, in London. Darwin was only twenty-two years old. So far Darwin did not show any unusual abilities.
(3) In 1831, he got his Bachelor of Arts degree at Cambridge. Yet, Darwin thought his three years at Cambridge had been wasted. His school reputation was not much. "With today's standards, Darwin would never have got into a university," said Julian Huxley.
(4) Nevertheless, he paid much attention to natural history. In this respect, he was certainly quite unusual. Darwin liked everything such as: flowers, rocks, butterflies, birds and spiders. He had even been interested in collecting such things since his age of eight. One day he caught two rare beetles. When he saw the third, he put one in his left hand, and popped other into his mouth. He intended to catch the third with his right hand. Unfortunately, the one in his mouth produced an acid and burning fluid. Darwin spat it out. Later, he regretted losing these two rare specimens.
(5) If there was one of his professors who encouraged Darwin to learn natural history, he was Prof. Henslow. The professor often invited Dar¬win for discussions and took him on botany walks and boating excursions along the river Cam. It was also Henslow who recommended Darwin to George Peacock. Peacock was the person who chose naturalists to board naval ships for surveys.
(6) Since then, Darwin joined the Beagle for a great adventure around the world. This had completely changed an inexperienced Darwin into a great scientist as we know nowadays.
gold 9
HUMAN CONCEPTS
. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. associate = menghubungkan
2. concept = konsep, pengertian secara umtim
3. transformed = diubah bentuk
4. originated from = berasal dari
5. observable = dapat dilihat
6. intentionally = dengan sengaja
7. ingredients = bumbu, bahan-bahan
8. perceived = ditangkap, diterima
9. metaphysical = hal-hal yang berdasarkan pemikiran abstrak
III. TRIGGERING QUESTIONS
I. What forms human concepts?
2. What is the importance of human concepts?
IV. PASSAGE
(1) When you smell something burning, you will probably associate it with a certain thing; burning fish, for example .In your head, you already have a certain concept of what burning fish smells like. In other words, you know what can happen if the fish is burnt too long or the fire is too big. So, there are two things which might cause it to take place. Later, you might also judge whether such fish is nice or not. It surely depends on your pre¬conceptions; that is, concepts you have already had in mind. l he concepts you have are, of course, influenced by your background.
(2) The example given above shows that man has the capabilities to understand something instinctively. This will then be transformed into cer¬tain concepts. Those concepts depend on his background and understand¬ing of the thing he has got before he conies to his judgement. With this kind of capabilities he can form many other things that have originated from his concepts. It can be observable things such as food, clothes, houses, to ab¬stract ones such as value, morals, or mathematics.
(3) Animals do not have the capability to form such concepts resulting from rational understanding. Naturally, they cannot intentionally do anything they like to meet their particular wish. For example, they cannot mix different kinds of ingredients with the fish, we were talking about above, to make it suit their taste.
(4) The things you see, smell, taste, hear, and smell arc all perceived through your senses. Your rational understanding will form those kinds of perception into certain concepts. It is clear that your perception of the things you have experienced is closely related to your life; that is, your background. In his higher level of understanding, man has metaphysical un¬derstanding. It is an abstraction of the nature of existence, truth, or knowledge.
gold test
BELIEVE IT OR NOT
II. DIFFICULT WORDS
1. terra-cotta = tanah liat
2. linen fabrics = kain linen
3. pottery legions = legiun dari tanah liat
4. swords = pedang
5. spears = tombak
6. crossbows = busur
7. preservative = bahan anti karat
8. jade = batu giok
9. chariots = kereta perang
10. tomb = kuburan, makam
III. PASSAGE
(1) It is hard to believe that in China 6,000 terra-cotta soldiers were buried for 2,200 years. It is quite amazing that none of them have the same face. Each was built in life-size of six feet tall.
(2) In 246 B.C. China was under Ch'in Shih Huang Ti. At the moment he became the king at 13, the building of his tomb began. It took 36 years, and hundreds of thousand of people were forced to work in the project. It was Ch'in Shih Huang Ti who ordered to model realistic portraits of each soldier, servant, footman in his live honour guard. Naturally, some look fierce; others look proud and confident.
(3) The pottery legions line up in battle formation. They carry real swords, spears and crossbows. The arrowheads and metal swords are coated with a preservative. They can stand for 22 centuries. Pottery horses are also found with the army. The animals look tense as if in t he war situation. The horses draw actual chariots. Iron farm tools, silk and linen fairies, and jade pieces are stored nearby.
(4) Formerly Chinese kings used to bury live warriors, women, servants and horses. Ch'in Shih Huang Ti brought it back symbolically. He hoped that his men would always guard him forever, even after death. That is the reason why he ordered to bury terra-cotta warriors with him instead of live warriors on horses.
(5) Besides the great tomb, Ch'in Shih Huang Ti also built the famous Great Wall. He was the king who united China. The king was buried in Mount Li in 210 B.C.
(6) Chinese archeologists reported that it was really an amazing discovery. - The tomb showed the achievements of ancient Chinese culture and civilization. The discovery has been widely reported by local as well as inter¬national mass media.
(7) It seems that not only has this kind of important discovery, now, belonged to the Chinese, but also has it to the world. It is just like the world's seven wonders. It is not surprising, then, that several international organizations have offered any help they can do such as sending experts or giving funds. The Chinese archeologists, however, have stated that it was maily their duty to keep and preserve their ancestors' remains.
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